Problem+Research

DNA [Daily News & Analysis] 14 June 2011. Infotrac Newsstand. Web. 31 Oct. 2011. Document URL http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA258790218&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w  ** Source Citation ** "NIH-supported study finds strategies to reduce college drinking." National Institutes of Health: News and Events 12 Nov. 2010. Student Resources in Context. Web. 31 Oct. 2011. Document URL http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA241966194&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w **__Notes:__** **Source Citation** "NIH study finds doctors miss many alcohol screening opportunities." National Institutes of Health: News and Events 6 Oct. 2011. Student Resources in Context. Web. 27 Oct. 2011.Document URLhttp:go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA268893498&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w
 * Source Citation ** "Substance abusers will be educated; KSTB launches 10-day campaign to educate youth of Karnataka on the ill-effects of narcotics and alcohol.

-Alcoholism is when someone has a problem with their alcohol drinking and they are overdosing on their alcohol count. -Percent of adults 18 years of age and over who were current regular drinkers: 52%  -Percent of adults 18 years of age and over who were current infrequent drinkers: 13%   -Number of alcoholic liver disease deaths: 14,406   -Number of alcohol-induced deaths, excluding accidents and homicides: 23,199   -3 million Americans over the age of 60 are alcohol-dependent or alcohol abusers   -20% of suicide victims in the United States are alcoholics   -Approximately 14 million people in the U.S. are addicted to alcohol or abuse alcohol   -Alcohol is the third leading cause of the preventable deaths in the United States   -Most alcoholics looking for treatment in the U.S. are in the 26-34 age group   -In the U.S. 66% of the population consumes alcohol   -An alcoholic will negatively impact the lives of 4 or 5 other Americans while under the influence of alcohol   -National Highway Traffic Safety Administration thinks that there was 17,000 alcohol-related car accidents in each of the last 3 years -Alcoholism is also called alcohol dependence or alcohol addiction -symptoms are: spending an inordinate amount of time getting, using, or recovering from the use of alcohol, compromised functioning, and continuing to use alcohol without an awareness of the detrimental effects it is having on one's life -Alcoholism is a disease rather than a weakness -It's the third most common mental illness, affecting more than 14 million people in the United States -Risks for getting a drinking problem include depression, anxiety, or other mood problems in them, as well as having parents with alcoholism -Low self-esteem and feeling out of place are other risks for getting alcoholism -For women, anti-social behaviors and impulsivity are associated with the development of alcoholism -Men and women are more likely to develop alcoholism if they have a childhood history of being physically or sexually abused -Children and teens who have their first drink of alcohol between 11 and 14 years of age are more at risk for developing a drinking problem than those who do so when either younger or older -Signs that indicate a person is intoxicated include the smell of alcohol on their breath or skin, glazed or bloodshot eyes, the person being unusually passive or argumentative, and/or a deterioration in the person's appearance or hygiene -Stopping the use of alcohol is the main goal of treatment, it is called abstinence. A strong social network and family support are important in achieving this. - Many people with alcohol problems do not recognize when their drinking gets out of hand. 13 **Source Citation** "NIH-supported study finds strategies to reduce college drinking." National Institutes of Health: News and Events 12 Nov. 2010. Student Resources in Context. Web. 27 Oct. 2011.Document URL http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA241966194&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w

-In the United States, more than 2 million people per year drive "under the influence" -In the U.S., approximately every two minutes, a person is injured in an alcohol-related accident -U.S. alcoholism statistics reported that 2.6 million binge drinkers in 2002 were between the ages of 12 and 17 -In the U.S., beer accounts for four times as many alcohol-related traffic accident fatalities as liquor and wine -In the United States, almost three times as many men as women abuse alcohol or are alcohol-dependent -Recent U.S. statistics reveal that 79% of fatal crashes occurring from midnight to 3:00am involve alcohol. -In the United States, 10% of the drinkers drink 50% of all the alcohol that is consumed -In 2001, the highest rates for alcohol-related crashes in the U.S. were recorded for drivers 21-24 years old, followed by ages 25-34, and 35-44 -Every year in the United States, more than 500,000 people are injured in alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents -6.6 million American children under the age of 18 live in homes with at least one alcoholic parent -It is estimated that 30% of all Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related motor vehicle accident sometime during their lives People who -start using alcohol 15 are 4 times more likely to become alcoholic at some time in their lives, from those who start drinking at 21 -In the U.S. an average of one alcohol-related motor vehicle accident occurs every 30 minutes

** __Source Citation__ **
"Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse - PubMed Health." Web. 03 Nov. 2011. .

-Completely stopping and avoiding alcohol is difficult for many people with alcoholism. There will be times when it is difficult. You should aim to avoid drinking for as long as possible. -The ideal approach to treatment is to help the person realize how much their alcohol use is harming their life and those around them. -Alcoholism and alcohol abuse can increase your risk of many health problems, like: -From years of Alcohol abuse esophageal varices could effect you which is coufing up blood which can be deadly
 * Bleeding in the digestive tract
 * Brain cell damage
 * Brain disorder called Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
 * Cancer of the esophagus, liver, colon, and other areas
 * Changes in the menstrual cycle
 * Delirium tremens
 * Dementia and memory loss
 * Depression and suicide
 * Erectile dysfunction
 * Heart damage
 * High blood pressure
 * Inflammation of the pancreas
 * Liver disease, including cirrhosis
 * Nerve Damage
 * Poor nutrition
 * Sleeping problems

-Also, weight loss -reddish color in face and neck. -You can take screening tests to see if you are an alcoholic

- Studies find that more people with alcohol problems opt for treatment when their family members or employers are honest with them about their concerns, and try to help them see that drinking is preventing them from reaching their goals.

-symptoms of Alcoholism are:

-tests that can be done are: -Peer drinking and peer acceptance of drinking have been associated with adolescent drinking. While both peer influences and parent al influences are important, their relative impact on adolescent drinking is unclear. - Child abuse and other traumas have been proposed as risk factors for subsequent alcoholproblems - Adolescents in treatment for alcohol abuse or dependence reported higher rates of physicalabuse, sexual abuse, violent victimization, witnessing violence, and other traumas compared with controls - The adolescents in treatment were at least 6 times more likely than controls to have ever been abused physically and at least 18 times more likely to have ever been abused sexually - the physical or sexual abuse preceded the alcohol use. Thirteen percent of the alcohol dependent adolescents had experienced post traumatic stress disorder, compared with 10 percent of those who abused alcohol and 1percent of controls. -Research on the effects of alcohol advertising on adolescent alcohol-related beliefs and behaviors has been limited. While earlier studies measured the effects of exposure to advertising, morerecent research has assessed the effects of alcohol advertising awareness on intentions to drink - Alcohol use among adolescents has been associated with considering, planning,attempting, and completing suicide -Parents' drinking behavior and favorable attitudes about drinking have been positively associated with adolescents initiating and continuing drinking -Positive alcohol-related expectancies have been identified as risk factors for adolescent drinking. Positive expectancies about alcohol have been found to increase with age 50 and to predict theonset of drinking and problem drinking among adolescents. - High doses of alcohol have been found to delay puberty in female and male rats, and large quantities of alcohol consumed by young rats can slow bone growth and result in weaker bones - Six-year-old to seventeen-year-old boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD who were also found to have weak social relationships had significantly higher rates of alcohol abuse and dependence 4years later, compared with ADHD boys without social deficiencies and boys without ADHD - Lack of parental support, monitoring, and communication have been significantly related to frequency of drinking, heavy drinking, and drunkenness among adolecents - Harsh, inconsistent discipline and hostility or rejection toward children have also been found to significantly predict adolescent drinking and alcohol-related problems. - Survey results from a nationally representative sample of 8th and 10thgraders indicated that alcohol use was significantly associated with both risky behavior and victimizationand that this relationship was strongest among the 8th-grade males, compared with other students. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Viewpoints&disableHighlighting=true&prodId=OVIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010520213&mode=view&userGroupName=pl7053&jsid=7770ab029de4352f52b8d1c8230d9542
 * Continue to drink, even when health, work, or family are being harmed
 * Drink alone
 * Become violent when drinking
 * Become hostile when asked about drinking
 * Are not able to control drinking -- being unable to stop or reduce alcohol intake
 * Make excuses to drink
 * Miss work or school, or have a decrease in performance because of drinking
 * Stop taking part in activities because of alcohol
 * Need to use alcohol on most days to get through the day
 * Neglect to eat or eat poorly
 * Do not care about or ignore how they dress or whether they are clean
 * Try to hide alcohol use
 * Blood alcohol level
 * Complete blood count
 * Liver function tests
 * Magnesium blood test

- 12- to 16-year-olds, regular alcohol use has been significantly associatedwith conduct disorder; in one study, adolescents who reported higher levels of drinking were more likely tohave conduct disorder. -Parents' drinking behavior and favorable attitudes about drinking have been positively associatedwith adolescents' initiating and continuing drinking. -High doses of alcohol have been found to delay puberty in female and malerats, and large quantities of alcohol consumed by young rats can slow bone growth and result in weakerbones. However, the implications of these findings for young people are not clear. -Sexual Behavior: Surveys of adolescents suggest that alcohol use is associated with risky sexual behaviorand increased vulnerability to coercive sexual activity. Among adolescents surveyed in New Zealand,alcohol misuse was significantly associated with unprotected intercourse and sexual activity before age 16.Forty-four percent of sexually active Massachusetts teenagers said they were more likely to have sexualintercourse if they had been drinking, and 17 percent said they were less likely to use condoms afterdrinking.

**Source Citation**  Fox, Maggie. "CDC: Alcohol Abuse Costs U.S. $224 Billion a Year." Nationaljournal.com 17 Oct. 2011. Infotrac Newsstand. Web. 27 Oct. 2011.

Document URL http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CA269947544&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w // -Approximately 53% of adults in the United States report that one or more of their close relatives has a drinking problem // // -Most of the "problem drinkers" in the U.S. are in the 18 - 29 year old age group // // -41% of all U.S. traffic fatalities are alcohol related // // -8.1 million people in the U.S. are alcoholic // // -Approximately 43% of U.S. adults have had a child, parent, sibling or spouse who is or was an alcoholic // // -It is estimated that more than 3 million teenagers in the U.S. between the ages of 14-17 are problem drinkers // // -According to recent research, 62% of U.S. high school seniors reported that they have been drunk recently // // -25.9% of underage alcohol abusers drink 47.3% of the total amount of alcohol consumed by drinkers under the legal age // // -3 million US citizens older than 60 abuse alcohol or require it to function normally // // -About 14 million US residents battle an alcohol addiction // // -Around a quarter of all children experience some form of alcoholism in their families before they turn 18 // // -6.6 million minors in the US live with an alcoholic mother or father // // -A staggering half-a-million US children aged nine to 12 are addicted to alcohol // // -1 out of every 5 alcoholics who attempt to stop drinking without medical intervention end up dying as a result of alcohol withdrawal delirium //

" Early Alcohol Consumption Puts Youth at Risk " by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Should the Legal Drinking Age Be Lowered? Stefan Kiesbye, Ed. At Issue Series. Greenhaven Press, 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), "Youth Drinking: Risk Factors and Consequences," Alcohol Alert, http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa37.htm. Document URL http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Viewpoints&disableHighlighting=true&prodId=OVIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010520213&mode=view&userGroupName=pl7053&jsid=7770ab029de4352f52b8d1c8230d9542 "Introduction to Alcohol Abuse: At Issue." // Alcohol Abuse //. Ed. Ronnie D. Lankford. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. At Issue. // Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context //. Web. 3 Nov. 2011.Document URL http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=true&prodId=OVIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010276111&mode=view&userGroupName=pl7053&jsid=5cfe0e489a49eeed1ca5eeca04f4a4fe